Getting a Grip
iDidn't Mourn Steve Jobs
by Michael I. Niman
i know I’m skating on thin ice with this column. Writing about the FBI, CIA, NSA, or any of the other spook agencies? No problem. But mention the deceased Steve Jobs as anything other than saintly or god-like and you’ve crossed over the line. Spinning his departure as anything other than a tragic loss for humanity is treason against our species.
But we’ve got to stop drinking this Kool-Aid. It was a true testimony to the omnipotence of corporate culture when a critical mass of Occupy Wall Street protestors zombied up in a moment of silence to mourn the one-percenter who planted his own revenue stream in so many of their pockets.
It’s now been a month since Jobs was finally humbled by burial: Can we clear the tears from our glazed eyes and talk about this?
Life in iPod City
Steve Jobs made his fortune by transitioning Apple from a computer manufacturer into an electronics design and marketing company that “outsourced” the actual production of its products to Asian sweatshops. This is the Nike model. Get rid of the clunky, capital-intensive accoutrements of 20th-century industrialism, like factories that need maintenance and workers who demand a living wage. Instead of building products, Jobs concentrated on building a brand—a super brand with a cult-like following. With this brand in hand, Apple was able to contract out to faceless suppliers who squeezed their slim profit margin from an over-worked and underpaid workforce.
Under Jobs’s watch, city-sized factories sprung up in China, pumping out iPods, iPhones, iPads, iMacs, and Macbooks by the dozens of millions. The largest producer of iBling is a Taiwanese company by the name of Foxconn that fulfills most of its Apple orders at two massive factories in China. Its Longhua, Shenzhen complex employs as many as 450,000 workers and covers a footprint of more than one square mile. Its Chengdu factory was built in just 70 days, opening in October 2010 in order to meet the demand for second-generation iPads, and is able to pump out 40 million units per year. Chengdu workers, according to a Hong Kong human rights group, stand on their feet for up to 14 hours a day working at repetitive, mind-and body-numbing tasks.
These Foxconn plants are walled compounds where employees eat, sleep, and work, with restaurants, grocery stores, banks, clinics, gymnasiums, and even a company-run TV station located onsite. Workers mostly live, eight to 10 to a room, in company-owned dormitories, suffering a quasi-military management regimen. When iPhone sales took off in 2009, the company, according to one human rights agency investigation, forced the workforce to labor as many as 120 hours per month overtime in order to keep Apple stores in the US and Europe stocked. As a result, Apple’s profits defied Wall Street’s bear market, with a seemingly endless supply of its popular products.
At the same time, Foxconn’s production line workers started jumping to their deaths. In response, the company festooned some of its most depressing dormitories with anti-suicide netting, and, according to the Huffington Post, made new hires sign an anti-suicide pledge.
Mourn the iVictims
So yeah, I’m dumbfounded by all the mourning. Sure, Jobs was a visionary, but his vision was a dark one. To face up to that, however, means having to come to terms with the nasty realities of our own fetishistic consumerism. All of this iShit has to come from somewhere. And that somewhere is Chengdu and Shenzhen.
Dig deeper and you’ll find raw materials sourced from deadly, low-bidding mines across Africa. You’ll find mine tailings poisoning communities just as you’ll find iWorkers on assembly lines poisoned by solvents and crippled by hyper-paced repetitive movements.
To hold Jobs accountable for what he represents means having to think about our own complicity in fueling the iDeath industries. So we’ll mourn Jobs and ignore the victims of the suicide clusters in the Apple supply line.
Sure, Apple has a code of ethics. So do the public relations and advertising industries. It works like this: Apple contracts out to have products produced at impossible prices. Journalists and human rights activists catch Apple suppliers violating said code. Apple condemns the supplier’s practice, even going as far as cutting contracts with some smaller, nonessential vendors. In high-profile cases, Jobs himself made cameo media appearances to righteously condemn his own contractors.
But the problem was never rogue suppliers violating Apple’s ethics. The problem was Jobs’s business model, which guaranteed that suppliers would engage in a cost-cutting race to the bottom. And this model, no matter how many workers jumped from dormitory roofs in Shenzhen, was never up for debate. Apple, with its distinctively unique, popular, high-profit product line and devoted customer base, was well situated to make a break from the sweatshop model—but under Jobs’s leadership, it instead chose to expand morally repugnant outsourcing practices.
Living in an iWorld
Even if Apple’s iGoods were somehow produced sustainably in safe factories where workers earned living wages, I still wouldn’t have mourned his passing. The inventions he shepherded to market have certainly changed the world. But has that really been a good thing? The Apple model is the antithesis of the open-source movement celebrated by the anarcho-techie set. Apple hardware is usually mated to proprietary software and peripherals. In some cases, running non-proprietary software, as in breaking free of Steve Jobs’s vision of how you as a consumer should behave, violates your Apple hardware warranty.
Apple gizmos traffic your desires to Apple-owned stores. Its iTunes store now dominates the global music industry, dictating terms to musicians and music labels who want access to Apple’s near-monopoly platform. It’s iPhone App Store can festoon your iPhone screen with a plethora of corporate brands, but also acts as a gatekeeper, locking other applications out of the booming iMarket. Details on Apple’s predatory market practices fill books and court documents. It’s not technological innovation alone that explains Apple’s market dominance in tablets, phones, and music players. As with their predatory production model, Apple, under Jobs’s leadership, has been ruthless in its quest to dominate markets, and in turn, consumers. From where I sit, I can only see unbridled greed.
Question iDependence
While technology users quickly develop dependence on their new gadgets, Apple users often develop an additional dependence on the brand, whose product logic and software often make transitioning to a competing platform cumbersome and even intimidating. Under Jobs’s leadership, Apple developed partnerships with other mega-brands. Magazines, for example, now tout special features such as videos that are exclusively available online for their subscribers—but more and more, the catch is you can only view your bonus on your Apple iPad, much like products in stores want to “talk” to your iPhone. What this all adds up to is one corporation with an increasing presence in every aspect of your life—and a diminishing number of options to circumvent that inevitable relationship.
Apple, under Jobs’s tutelage, has used this presence very effectively to separate consumers from their money. Buying an Apple product is not a onetime purchase. Rather, it’s a sort of conversion to a consumer sect, the beginning of a relationship that will maintain an enduring flow of money from you to Apple.
This is Steve Jobs’s legacy. It is truly brilliant. And yes, your iPhone is very impressive. I still don’t get the mourning.
Dr. Michael I. Niman is a professor of journalism and media studies at Buffalo State College. His previous columns are at artvoice.com, archived at www.mediastudy.com, and available globally through syndication.
Reader Comments (posting new comments is closed!)
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Bruce Fisher 10 Nov 2011, 08:05
This is a brilliant and sobering critique. Excellent insight, and well-crafted too. Bravo!
Jeff 10 Nov 2011, 09:43
You forgot to mention the Foxconn worker that killed himself over the missing iPhone prototype!
Peter A Reese 10 Nov 2011, 09:50
Great piece! Don’t forget Jobs was angry with Obama because he couldn’t turn the USA into China, with factories built in the absence of any environmental or human standards. I am the proud owner of an iNothing.
L K Tucker 10 Nov 2011, 10:36
The suicides at Foxconn were not caused by working conditions or worker abuse. They were the outcome of a little known problem of human physiology discovered when it caused mental breaks for office workers forty years ago, Subliminal Distraction. The office cubicle was designed to deal with the vision startle reflex to stop it in offices by 1968. Everyone aware of yhe problem believes it can only cause a harmless temporary episode of confusion. When it happened to my wife she heard voices and had depressive crying episodes about situations she hallucinated. That is what causes the suicides in China. Where true sweatshop conditions exist, such as in the garment industry in New York, there have never been suicides. But at France Telecom, with a 35 hour work week and union representation, there have been 60 suicide attempts with a reported 30 deaths in the last few years, much more than Foxconn. Foxconn put assembly line workers too close together without a peripheral vision blocking scheme, Cubicle Level Protection, between them. A pair of safety glasses with wide temple arms, opaque or blacked out, would stop the suicides for pennies in China..
Jim 10 Nov 2011, 11:32
Niman = iEnvy. Jobs changed the world, how it communicates, and will be remembered for centuries for his accomplishments. Niman is a taxpayer-funded parasite who bitches about the world, contributes and changes nothing, and will be forgotten before he is cold.
Mindy 10 Nov 2011, 12:12
This is a well written article that articulates the public's willingness to overlook huge humanitarian issues to get what they want and be who they want to be. I am among them. It is good to be reminded of these sobering facts to be able to put our purchases in context. You are the owner of your decisions and your purchase power means something. I will think twice before buying a new apple product.
Lost Jobs 10 Nov 2011, 13:32
I was never a huge Apple fan, but I did purchase an iMac desktop about 6 years ago after using one at work. Older generation iphones were on sale a few months back when I finally decided to upgrade to a "smart" phone. When I went to sync my phone with my computer, it wouldn't let me because Apple stopped updating my desktop. I was forced to buy a laptop (non-mac) just to be able to sync my phone with my iTunes. When I called Apple support prior to purchasing a laptop, the clown tried talking me into "upgrading" and buying a new Mac. My desktop works perfectly fine. Why would I want to mindlessly upgrade? These people are all about increasing corporate profits, from Jobs on down. Greedy. Needless to say, I will never purchase a Mac computer again. Great article, Dr. Niman.
William 10 Nov 2011, 13:41
I am reading this article on an iPhone. The iPhone is connected to a website. The website hosts content generated by Artvoice staff using computers, and transmitted by computers. The computers are powered by electricity, some of which is generated by non-renewable sources, as part of a larger grid supplied largely by non-renewable resources, and distributed by use of computers. For the quaint, Artvoice is published in paper form (laid out, set, and printed through the use of computers). Dr. Niman derives a great deal of self-satisfaction- and maybe a little income- when his articles are published each week through the use of computers, electricity, paper, the labor of humans to distribute the printed edition, etc. He is perfectly willing to engage with these systems, whatever their contribution to the problems of the workers that produced all of those computers, the environment impacted by the production of power for the grid, and so on. Dr. Niman also derives income from the SUNY system. He is a part of that system, and therefore shares some responsibility for any of the evils he rails against that might be committed by SUNY. In the end, though, I don't agree that this article is, as Bruce Fisher commented, a "brilliant and sobering critique". I think it is an adolescent attempt to be provocative. I admire Steve Jobs, I like my iPhone, and I mourned his passing in my own way. That doesn't mean I don't recognize the problems associated with the production of millions of computers by multiple corporations, or the negative aspects of increased use of such computers. It is Dr. Niman's reflex to piss on things and people as a means of demonstrating how smart he is (and by inference, how stupid, uncaring, uninformed, etc., anyone who doesn't see it his way is). In this case, he's pissing on a recently-dead person who had an enormous, mostly-positive impact on the world, a person many people respected and mourned. It's just bad manners.
Donny Kutzbach 10 Nov 2011, 15:38
I'll bet you typed this on Windows machine, Niman. Hahaha. Feels like you chose to run in your own direction with some of the fast and hard facts. You are off on the music industry and iTunes snipe. It gave consumers a much wider choice of what they wanted and how they wanted it. And do you really feel bad for the corporate, greedy wasteful big labels and the stranglehold they had over artists? iTunes not only helped break it but was a logical step where retail music had to head and actually let the labels and artists make some money instead of things going straight to piracy. And Jobs never so much pushed Apple proprietary software on hardware users as much as he was trying to push out inefficient software. When Apple software sucked he always made it better. When someone else's sucked (Adobe Flash) he tried to abolish it. And even in death, Jobs wins. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204358004577027923205009352.html#ixzz1dFJ9RCWs
Tom 10 Nov 2011, 16:01
The article raises some good points. Why would a company that sold so much product in North America not make some product here? Would creating employment in the USA be appropriate? Yes why not. Seriously, the company was sitting on a pile 'o' cash higher than Mount Everest, and for what? Certainly Steve had no use for it, he couldn't take it with him. The company paid no dividend to investors. The guy was brilliant in his vision but beyond that he was as flawed as any common person. If we are going to create a saint there are others far more deserving. He wasn't a god and life will go on as it always has.
Trent B. 10 Nov 2011, 17:08
William: Yeah, we're not Luddites. That doesn't mean we have to support the pathological greed expressed by Apple's production policy decisions. It doesn't mean we have to like a predatory marketing policy that nickels and dimes us on proprietary software. It doesn't mean we have to come to learn to like compressed music, or I Tunes Store censorship. It doesn't mean we have to hate every writer who critically questions this stuff. So how about a little civility here William and sticking to the argument as opposed to what you would call "an adolescent attempt to be provocative."
Larry A. Scott 10 Nov 2011, 22:25
I'm planning to distribute this article to a bunch of relatives and friends, some of whom I know use Apple products. I know my brilliant computer scientist sister likes her new Apple Air. She tends to be aware of a lot that goes on in the world, so I imagine she knows much of what Professor Niman wrote and is going to keep on using her Apple Air and feeling guilty sometimes when she thinks about it. The Internet and everything related to it is hugely costly. I don't have any desire to give it up or have the world give it up. The flow of knowledge is a good thing. But I do think it is also good that we keep the true cost in mind, just as I think it is good to keep in mind the true costs of other things, such as a can of tomatoes. I appreciate Dr. Niman very much for this and other excellent articles he's written. By the way, you might like to know, an add-on to my Firefox web browser is telling me there are four(!) different trackers on this page, all about marketing. They are AddThis, Google Adsense, Quantcast, and Tynt Insight. I wonder what they're learning about people who show up here. The Firefox add-on is called Ghostery. It's been interesting having it. L K Tucker, that's most interesting about office cubicles and peripheral vision blocking. It seems to me that that could matter. Thanks for mentioning it.
William 11 Nov 2011, 09:26
Trent: My point was the "adolescent attempt to be provocative" and Professor Niman's lack of civility. So it's okay for Niman to hate on Steve Jobs, but I'm a hater if I object? Niman is off limits? I'm saying that Niman is biting a hand that feeds him (pardon the unfortunate phrasing). The cue that Niman intends to offend is his first sentence. I reserve my right to be offended. And I don't like extremist positions: "Even if Apple’s iGoods were somehow produced sustainably in safe factories where workers earned living wages, I still wouldn’t have mourned his passing. " Okay. Fine. Sure. Even if Apple followed Dr. Niman's prescriptions for Utopian industry, it's still all iShit to him. Maybe my use of the word "adolescent" seems unduly harsh. But it is a reaction to Niman's statement "I still don't get the mourning.". All Niman sees in Jobs is " a quest to dominate markets, and in turn, consumers. From where I sit, I can only see unbridled greed.". If that's all he can see of Steve Jobs, it's no surprise that he can't understand the mourning. That inability to see both sides of the equation is, well, adolescent.
Larry A. Scott 11 Nov 2011, 12:37
I do get your point, I believe, William. Dr. Niman's feelings about Steve Jobs and Apple remind me of the feelings that many--probably millions--have expressed about Bill Gates and Microsoft over the years. And that opposition to, or at least ambivalence about, Microsoft has been legitimate in my opinion and, for what it's worth, millions of others. Sure, there is no question but that Microsoft has made huge contributions to the world. But even though I have never quite gotten around to stopping all use of the Microsoft operating systems--I'm currently clinging to XP Professional--I have greatly appreciated the efforts of the great number of people who have been involved over the years in maintaining the Unix and Linux operating systems as alternatives that I've seen many people say work better than the Microsoft operating systems. For years now I have benefited from the use of the Mozilla Firefox web browser and Thunderbird email client, which I know from great personal experience just work much better than the Microsoft Internet Exporer web browser and the Outlook Express home and small business email client. So it is not difficult for me to believe that Linux is more functional than Microsoft Windows. I have also appreciated greatly the successful efforts of various world governments to prevent Microsoft from becoming a total monopoly with regard to the software that people can employ with the Microsoft Windows operating system. Not only have laws overturned Microsoft in its efforts to force its customers to adopt Microsoft Internet Explorer as their web browser, laws have overturned Microsoft in its efforts to conceal from the awareness of its customers the very existence of any alternatives to Microsoft's software. I recently learned of the settlement late last year between Microsoft and the countries in the EU whereby Microsoft is required now to distribute an update through the Microsoft automatic updates system to "unpin" Microsoft Internet Explorer from the "taskbar" in Microsoft Windows 7 and to add a removable desktop icon that provides links to 12(!) other highly popular pieces of web browsing software, major software, with easy instructions to users about how to install the user's choice of any of the 12 alternatives. Any of them can be "pinned" to the Microsoft Windows 7 "taskbar." Personally I support Mozilla Firefox, which happens to be the next most popular after Microsoft Internet Explorer as the choice that works best in terms of making it easier to accomplish some tasks that I want to accomplish, relieving various major and minor bits of frustration. It is worthy of note that the Microsoft Internet Explorer web browser stayed mostly the same for many years. Once the number of users of the Firefox web browser software became huge, then and only then did Microsoft started work on improving its web browser. The Microsoft browser has not caught up, but it is much better than it was. Apple really hasn't been on the table for me. I know that Apple software works excellently well and in fact better for certain tasks that the primary focus of some people, such as writing music and working with videos. Those things just have not been my focus. I have enjoyed having easy access to software that has been created by many thousands of interested geniuses around the world and not just by the relatively small group associated with one company. The list of the different sources of the various pieces of software I use daily is long. The list is longer for those sources whose software I have used for some occasional purpose just in the past six months. Just so you know, the testing of new software is generally not fun for me. I prefer to look occasionally at the results given by others for whom the testing of new software seems to be fun and occasionally reap benefit from improved functionality. Me I am in favor of maintaining the possibility of having lots of choices. So far many of the best choices for me have been free due to many wonderful creative hobbyists who enjoy sharing their work. For many years, when Apple's customer base was relatively small, it was easy for most computer geeks just to ignore Apple. Now that Apple has exploded into something big I think it is appropriate that we look at Apple with a significantly more critical eye, similar to the way Microsoft has been looked at for years--as a great bully with some redeeming qualities, as something to be controlled and subjected to serious criticism and competition, not destroyed. Included in what I believe is appropriate to look at most critically is Apple's use of various techniques to confine its customers to the use of its perhaps great but nonetheless limited functionality unless those customers have money, time, and space for learning and using more than one operating system, more than one significant computer system, more than one significant mobile device.
Larry A. Scott 11 Nov 2011, 12:55
I neglected to mention that Microsoft is not required to and does not distribute the Browser Choices [automatic] Update other than to users whose IP addresses indicate that they are located in one or another of the EU countries. I have been offered that update through automatic updates when I have happened to have my computer connected to a server located in one or another EU country through a virtual private network (VPN), Being located in Buffalo I have not been offered the Browser Choices update other than when connected to a European server via VPN. I think it would be good if Microsoft were inspired to offer and publicize in America the best web browser software choices--and Apple too for that matter.
Anthony (Artvoice Webmaster) 11 Nov 2011, 13:04
If I may break our own rules and stray off topic for a moment to reply to Larry: I'd be glad to disclose what information we collect with regards to those "trackers." Specifically, _we_ as in Artvoice, do not collect or record any data without consent (obviously, if you opt-in when providing us with your e-mail address for a contest, promotion or the like, we record that information and use it only to subscribe you to our mailing list. It is never shared outside our organization.) We do in fact use those four services you've mentioned who may collect ANONYMOUS non-personally-identifiable data, and each has detailed privacy policy information and the option to opt-out on their respective websites. Since you're a fan of Firefox extensions you'll find there are also plug-ins to ensure your browser permanently enforces your opt out preferences. (Check out the NAI Consumer Opt-Out Protector for a good one that covers many many services.) That aside, none do anything nefarious: - AddThis provides the buttons you see for sharing content and following AV on the social networks. Nothing about you is recorded unless you use these buttons, and even then, nothing personal is recorded. Only which URL you're sharing, and where your'e sharing it. We use it to track how our content is shared on the web, not to track our readers. - Google AdSense is a big complicated thing and I'd refer to you their privacy policy for the details - but again, nothing personally identifiable should be recorded and it's only used to customize advertising delivered. AdSense fills out our "leftover" advertising space. Nothing (save for anonymous views & clicks statistics) is collected for ads that we run for local advertisers, as we operate a private ad server platform for that purpose and I can guarantee as much. - Quantcast tracks general website statistics and takes a stab at estimating demographics based on the statistics. Again nothing personally identifiable, and frankly I find their data to be rather inaccurate anyway! We are a member of AWN (Alternative Weekly Network) and were asked to participate to gather some aggregate statistics for independent alternative papers like ours, as a group, nationwide. The information is publicly available for anybody to see at quantcast.com. - Tynt Insight is similar to AddThis in purpose. It attempts to track our content; not our users, and it also does so in a non-personally-identifiable way. When you "copy" content from our site, Tynt will automatically insert an attribution linking to the source upon "pasting" it somewhere and provides some general statistics about how often that happens. That's all it's for. I take privacy issues very seriously and do not take your concerns lightly. If you, or anybody, has any questions please don't hesitate to e-mail me.
Larry A. Scott 11 Nov 2011, 21:26
Anthony, thank you for your excellent response. I guess you had to say something although the issue of tracking may not deserve to create such a distraction from Dr. Niman's article and the other comments in the context of this page page. Thanks again, and apologies to Dr. Michael Niman and to others who have contributed worthy comments relevant to his article.
Randy Rumley 12 Nov 2011, 08:06
This article was a well-written piece on the problems of sainting a businessman. Jobs was a clever, highly motivated inventor who had very little humanity within him. His obsession and passion for winning dictated his often foul behavior. He is actually quite similar to another American inventor who likewise was really very despicable--Thomas Edison. Thank you Niman for a thought-provoking article.
Matt Brick 13 Nov 2011, 04:50
Dr. Niman, Thank you very much for writing what many free thinking non-sheep-like people have been scratching their heads and thinking about since his death. I think the way people worship this guy is frightening and quite strange.
Michael F. Harris 14 Nov 2011, 12:26
I am thrilled to see this article. I have been saying many of the same things to my friends and online. This of course has riled the "i" addicted. They have become one with the marketing machine Jobs created. The one thing Jobs did not create is jobs for Americans.
John 15 Nov 2011, 13:18
" I think the way people worship this guy is frightening and quite strange " I'll second that!!!!!
Black Paul Box 15 Nov 2011, 13:21
No jobs for Americans? So, Apple's got something like 210+ stores in the US with 50-200 people per outlet? Who staffs them? 60000+ employees at Apple and by far the largest percentage of them is in the US. Who cares about facts, though.
Claudio 16 Nov 2011, 10:26
BPB - I just read the article and don't see the "No jobs for Americans" line that you are supposedly responding to. Does this happen to you often?
Black Paul Box 16 Nov 2011, 12:05
Hi Claudio. See the comment from Michael F. Harris. Did you just comment on your own without reading through everything? Does this happen to you often?
Deb 17 Nov 2011, 09:57
China does have workers rights groups and Apple and Nike are not the only companies using workers in China. Most of the factories have dormitories and they are inspected. Before condemning Steve Jobs take a look at the other profitable companies in the US and you will find the same thing - products built in China.
kip 17 Nov 2011, 11:37
http://slaveryfootprint.org/ Good luck finding a company that doesn't exploit people somewhere down the line.
Michael F. Harris 17 Nov 2011, 11:57
Low paying retail jobs do not help the economy. Bring the manufacturing jobs to the US.
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